// Copyright 2015-2019 Parity Technologies
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
// except according to those terms.

use std::fmt;
use serde::{de, Serializer, Deserializer};

static CHARS: &[u8] = b"0123456789abcdef";

fn to_hex<'a>(v: &'a mut [u8], bytes: &[u8], skip_leading_zero: bool) -> &'a str {
	assert!(v.len() > 1 + bytes.len() * 2);

	v[0] = b'0';
	v[1] = b'x';

	let mut idx = 2;
	let first_nibble = bytes[0] >> 4;
	if first_nibble != 0 || !skip_leading_zero {
		v[idx] = CHARS[first_nibble as usize];
		idx += 1;
	}
	v[idx] = CHARS[(bytes[0] & 0xf) as usize];
	idx += 1;

	for &byte in bytes.iter().skip(1) {
		v[idx] = CHARS[(byte >> 4) as usize];
		v[idx + 1] = CHARS[(byte & 0xf) as usize];
		idx += 2;
	}

	// SAFETY: all characters come either from CHARS or "0x", therefore valid UTF8
	unsafe { std::str::from_utf8_unchecked(&v[0..idx]) }
}

/// Serializes a slice of bytes.
pub fn serialize_raw<S>(slice: &mut [u8], bytes: &[u8], serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> where
	S: Serializer,
{
	if bytes.is_empty() {
		serializer.serialize_str("0x")
	} else {
		serializer.serialize_str(to_hex(slice, bytes, false))
	}
}

/// Serializes a slice of bytes.
pub fn serialize<S>(bytes: &[u8], serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> where
	S: Serializer,
{
	let mut slice = vec![0u8; (bytes.len() + 1) * 2];
	serialize_raw(&mut slice, bytes, serializer)
}

/// Serialize a slice of bytes as uint.
///
/// The representation will have all leading zeros trimmed.
pub fn serialize_uint<S>(slice: &mut [u8], bytes: &[u8], serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> where
	S: Serializer,
{
	let non_zero = bytes.iter().take_while(|b| **b == 0).count();
	let bytes = &bytes[non_zero..];
	if bytes.is_empty() {
		serializer.serialize_str("0x0")
	} else {
		serializer.serialize_str(to_hex(slice, bytes, true))
	}
}

/// Expected length of bytes vector.
#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum ExpectedLen<'a> {
	/// Exact length in bytes.
	Exact(&'a mut [u8]),
	/// A bytes length between (min; slice.len()].
	Between(usize, &'a mut [u8]),
}

impl<'a> fmt::Display for ExpectedLen<'a> {
	fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
		match *self {
			ExpectedLen::Exact(ref v) => write!(fmt, "length of {}", v.len() * 2),
			ExpectedLen::Between(min, ref v) => write!(fmt, "length between ({}; {}]", min * 2, v.len() * 2),
		}
	}
}

/// Deserialize into vector of bytes.  This will allocate an O(n) intermediate
/// string.
pub fn deserialize<'de, D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Vec<u8>, D::Error> where
	D: Deserializer<'de>,
{
	struct Visitor;

	impl<'b> de::Visitor<'b> for Visitor {
		type Value = Vec<u8>;

		fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
			write!(formatter, "a 0x-prefixed hex string")
		}

		fn visit_str<E: de::Error>(self, v: &str) -> Result<Self::Value, E> {
			if !v.starts_with("0x") {
				return Err(E::custom("prefix is missing"))
			}

			let bytes_len = v.len() - 2;
			let mut modulus = bytes_len % 2;
			let mut bytes = vec![0u8; (bytes_len + 1) / 2];
			let mut buf = 0;
			let mut pos = 0;
			for (idx, byte) in v.bytes().enumerate().skip(2) {
				buf <<= 4;

				match byte {
					b'A'..=b'F' => buf |= byte - b'A' + 10,
					b'a'..=b'f' => buf |= byte - b'a' + 10,
					b'0'..=b'9' => buf |= byte - b'0',
					b' '|b'\r'|b'\n'|b'\t' => {
						buf >>= 4;
						continue
					}
					b => {
						let ch = char::from(b);
						return Err(E::custom(&format!("invalid hex character: {}, at {}", ch, idx)))
					}
				}

				modulus += 1;
				if modulus == 2 {
					modulus = 0;
					bytes[pos] = buf;
					pos += 1;
				}
			}

			Ok(bytes)
		}

		fn visit_string<E: de::Error>(self, v: String) -> Result<Self::Value, E> {
			self.visit_str(&v)
		}
	}

	deserializer.deserialize_str(Visitor)
}

/// Deserialize into vector of bytes with additional size check.
/// Returns number of bytes written.
pub fn deserialize_check_len<'a, 'de, D>(deserializer: D, len: ExpectedLen<'a>) -> Result<usize, D::Error> where
	D: Deserializer<'de>,
{
	struct Visitor<'a> {
		len: ExpectedLen<'a>,
	}

	impl<'a, 'b> de::Visitor<'b> for Visitor<'a> {
		type Value = usize;

		fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
			write!(formatter, "a 0x-prefixed hex string with {}", self.len)
		}

		fn visit_str<E: de::Error>(self, v: &str) -> Result<Self::Value, E> {
			if !v.starts_with("0x") {
				return Err(E::custom("prefix is missing"))
			}

			let is_len_valid = match self.len {
				ExpectedLen::Exact(ref slice) => v.len() == 2 * slice.len() + 2,
				ExpectedLen::Between(min, ref slice) => v.len() <= 2 * slice.len() + 2 && v.len() > 2 * min + 2,
			};

			if !is_len_valid {
				return Err(E::invalid_length(v.len() - 2, &self))
			}

			let bytes = match self.len {
				ExpectedLen::Exact(slice) => slice,
				ExpectedLen::Between(_, slice) => slice,
			};

			let mut modulus = v.len() % 2;
			let mut buf = 0;
			let mut pos = 0;
			for (idx, byte) in v.bytes().enumerate().skip(2) {
				buf <<= 4;

				match byte {
					b'A'..=b'F' => buf |= byte - b'A' + 10,
					b'a'..=b'f' => buf |= byte - b'a' + 10,
					b'0'..=b'9' => buf |= byte - b'0',
					b' '|b'\r'|b'\n'|b'\t' => {
						buf >>= 4;
						continue
					}
					b => {
						let ch = char::from(b);
						return Err(E::custom(&format!("invalid hex character: {}, at {}", ch, idx)))
					}
				}

				modulus += 1;
				if modulus == 2 {
					modulus = 0;
					bytes[pos] = buf;
					pos += 1;
				}
			}

			Ok(pos)
		}

		fn visit_string<E: de::Error>(self, v: String) -> Result<Self::Value, E> {
			self.visit_str(&v)
		}
	}

	deserializer.deserialize_str(Visitor { len })
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
	extern crate serde_derive;

	use self::serde_derive::{Serialize, Deserialize};

	#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
	struct Bytes(#[serde(with="super")] Vec<u8>);

	#[test]
	fn should_not_fail_on_short_string() {
		let a: Bytes = serde_json::from_str("\"0x\"").unwrap();
		let b: Bytes = serde_json::from_str("\"0x1\"").unwrap();
		let c: Bytes = serde_json::from_str("\"0x12\"").unwrap();
		let d: Bytes = serde_json::from_str("\"0x123\"").unwrap();
		let e: Bytes = serde_json::from_str("\"0x1234\"").unwrap();
		let f: Bytes = serde_json::from_str("\"0x12345\"").unwrap();

		assert!(a.0.is_empty());
		assert_eq!(b.0, vec![1]);
		assert_eq!(c.0, vec![0x12]);
		assert_eq!(d.0, vec![0x1, 0x23]);
		assert_eq!(e.0, vec![0x12, 0x34]);
		assert_eq!(f.0, vec![0x1, 0x23, 0x45]);
	}


	#[test]
	fn should_not_fail_on_other_strings() {
		let a: Bytes = serde_json::from_str("\"0x7f864e18e3dd8b58386310d2fe0919eef27c6e558564b7f67f22d99d20f587\"").unwrap();
		let b: Bytes = serde_json::from_str("\"0x7f864e18e3dd8b58386310d2fe0919eef27c6e558564b7f67f22d99d20f587b\"").unwrap();
		let c: Bytes = serde_json::from_str("\"0x7f864e18e3dd8b58386310d2fe0919eef27c6e558564b7f67f22d99d20f587b4\"").unwrap();

		assert_eq!(a.0.len(), 31);
		assert_eq!(b.0.len(), 32);
		assert_eq!(c.0.len(), 32);
	}

	#[test]
	fn should_serialize_and_deserialize_empty_bytes() {
		let bytes = Bytes(Vec::new());

		let data = serde_json::to_string(&bytes).unwrap();

		assert_eq!("\"0x\"", &data);

		let deserialized: Bytes = serde_json::from_str(&data).unwrap();
		assert!(deserialized.0.is_empty())
	}
}